Una de las características de la izquierda desde sus orígenes, es su consideración acerca del universalismo de los valores que la inspiran. Más allá de fronteras de clase, nacionales y políticas, estos son concebidos como organizadores de la vida social independiente de circunstancias coyunturales.
Dicho principio incluye la diferencia interior, su negatividad y su transformación, como los que explican su sentido político y el que sean un factor de ampliación progresiva de las libertades y derechos de los seres humanos. Por esa razón, son una continuación del cosmopolitismo propio del pensamiento ilustrado y al mismo tiempo, la denuncia de su historicidad y su condición de fundamento de diversas formas de discriminación y genocidio.
Por esa razón, además, una de las características de la política de la izquierda es la denuncia de los falsos universalismos que presentan condiciones contingentes como si fueran universales, las que dan origen a diversas formas de dominio y control cultural, social y político.
El clasismo, el machismo, el etocentrismo y todas las formas de discriminación y exclusión se fundamentan en una falsa pretensión de validez general de valores basada en condiciones coyunturales como la clase, el género, la nacionalidad o la raza.
El internacionalismo por esta razón ha sido una de las características que la distingue de la derecha, siempre o casi siempre defensora de particularismos con pretensiones de universalidad, entre ellos un chovinismo que ha sido fuente de guerras expansionistas, limpiezas étnicas, sojuzgamiento de poblaciones enteras y violaciones a los Derechos Humanos dentro de las fronteras nacionales por motivos de clase, ideológicos, de género, etnia u orientación sexual, cuya manifestación más grotesca y la que lo lleva hasta sus últimas consecuencias, es el fascismo.
Recabarren desde inicios del siglo XX, incluyó el internacionalismo como parte de su pensamiento, práctica política y acción como organizador. En sus conferencias y sus actividades cuando todavía militaba en las filas del Partido Demócrata en Iquique y Tocopilla; promoviendo el rechazo de las posiciones belicistas ante la Guerra en Europa en el Congreso del POS en 1915; también la afiliación de la FOCH a la Internacional de Sindicatos Rojos o PROFINTERN en su IV Convención, celebrada en Concepción en 1921 hasta culminar en la afiliación del POS a la III Internacional y su transformación en PCCH.
Mientras el Partido Demócrata, en el que militaba, discutía la posibilidad de afiliarse a la Internacional Socialista, Recabarren asistía a su congreso en Bruselas con un informe redactado de su puño y letra, buscando su incorporación, mientras junto a otros compañeros suyos intentaba orientarlo en esa dirección, a instancias de sus aprendizajes en el Partido Socialista Argentino. Recabarren en este sentido nutrió su pensamiento y concepción política en la organización del movimiento obrero y la izquierda latinoamericana, desde sus inicios.
Participó en la fundación del Partido Socialista Internacional y luego Partido Comunista de Argentina; escribió en la prensa obrera de ese país y participó en el Congreso de Unificación del movimiento sindical, no como un observador foráneo sino como un activo representante de los trabajadores del sector gráfico. Las experiencias obtenidas en su paso por Europa antes y Argentina después, las va a incorporar a su teoría y práctica política en Chile.
Según biógrafos e historiadores, comunistas y no comunistas, el desenlace previsible de dicha práctica y de esas primeras experiencias organizativas y de lucha de la izquierda chilena, pese a las controversias y circunstacias que lo rodearon, fue la decisión del POS de convertirse en PCCH, en su Congreso de Rancagua en 1922.
El internacionalismo para Recabarren, entonces, tuvo no solamente un sentido de universalidad diversa que aspira a la ampliación de los derechos humanos a partir de consideraciones éticas y filosóficas, sino que surgen también del carácter contradictorio de la realidad social. Contradicciones inmanentes del desarrollo local y nacional y de éste como manifestación de las que agitan a la humanidad en momentos culminantes de la historia. De las necesidades políticas de transformación social y política contingente, así como del carácter de la totalidad histórica de la que son parte.
El internacionalismo de Recabarren debiera ser en la actualidad un modelo para todos los que en América Latina asistimos al momento en que el neoliberalismo periclita para dar paso al fascismo y la guerra en todo el mundo.
(*) Profesor de Arte
Imagen: Antonio Berni. Manifestación, 1934
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