A pocos días de la conmemoración de la revuelta popular del 18 de octubre abundan las reflexiones acerca de sus motivos, los llamados a sacar lecciones de ellos, y hacer propuestas al respecto.
Fue una gigantesca ola de indignación popular contra la desigualdad, el abuso y los arreglines, como forma privilegiada de hacerse cargo de los asuntos públicos por parte de quienes tienen posiciones de dominio basadas en la riqueza, la propiedad, el control de los medios de comunicación y las instituciones.
De dicha revuelta nació el proceso constituyente.
Se ha dicho que, a pesar de la masividad, la radicalidad y la extensión de la protesta social las cosas han vuelto más o menos a la misma normalidad de los días previos al 18 de octubre de 2019.
Sin embargo, una ola de malestar social cruza a la sociedad subterráneamente y excepto los más torpes e ideologizados analistas del sistema -la mayoría de ellos veteranos de la democracia de los acuerdos que provienen de lado y lado- las alarmas se pueden oír y las señales ver con un mínimo de objetividad.
La revuelta de octubre, entonces, no fue solamente un estallido irracional de molestia. Tampoco fue una revolución. Fue una irrupción de masas que puso en evidencia los límites del sistema y aunque fuera momentáneamente, su incapacidad de regular el funcionamiento de la sociedad en los mismos términos que lo había hecho hasta ese día.
Fue una interrupción del desarrollo normal de la sociedad neoliberal; introdujo una fractura histórica. Puso en evidencia la desigualdad, los bajos salarios, el alto endeudamiento, el abuso empresarial, las discriminaciones de diversa índole, el autoritarismo y la burocratización del sistema político.
Su indiferencia frente a las necesidades de trabajadores, trabajadoras y empleados; la clase media empobrecida y cada vez más vulnerable frente a sus crisis. Y al mismo tiempo, señaló las tareas necesarias para resolver esta situación: el cambio constitucional; el fin del sistema de AFP´s; aumentar los salarios y poner freno al abuso y la colusión entre éstas y el sistema político, prácticamente puesto a su servicio.
La reacción de las elites dominantes fue la de siempre. Construir un acuerdo para ponerle fin. Los acontecimientos del 18 de octubre, en cambio, son la irrupción de la diferencia y la demanda por el cambio radical. Se trata de una tensión típica de nuestra historia. Los sectores dominantes lo buscan afanosamente en cada momento de ruptura y, por el contrario, la posibilidad de realizar cambios depende de su prolongación.
Ese fue el sentido que ha tenido cada momento fundacional para la izquierda chilena. Lo fue la escisión del Partido Demócrata para dar origen al POS; la primera candidatura de Luis Emilio Recabarren en 1920 y las de Elías Lafferte en 1931 y 1932; la fundación de la CUT en 1953 junto a la primera candidatura de Salvador Allende en 1952.
La formación de la Unidad Popular y la persistencia de la izquierda en la lucha intransigente contra la dictadura que fue determinante para terminar con ella, a pesar de la leyenda del lápiz. La de la izquierda a lo largo de toda la transición en las luchas sociales de trabajadores, empleados públicos, estudiantes, ambientalistas, pueblos originarios, mujeres y disidencias sexogenéricas; también en sus candidaturas presidenciales que aportaron decisivamente en la construcción de un programa de convergencia de las fuerzas antineoliberales.
Walter Benjamin dijo que antes de cada período fascista hay una revolución social fallida. Viendo el avance de la ultraderecha en el país, especialmente entre sectores populares cada vez más impacientes y acosados por la precariedad y seducidos por la propaganda facilona del Partido Republicano, la frase pareciera cobrar una gran actualidad.
Ello, por cierto, no es el resultado impredecible de los acontecimientos ni del cansancio del pueblo.
Mantener abierta la brecha; señalar la fractura; prolongar la diferencia para hacer posible lo improbable es responsabilidad de la izquierda, de sus partidos, parlamentarios y dirigentes sociales. Detener el avance del fascismo, de sostener las banderas del socialismo, la democracia y la revolución.
(*) Profesor de Arte
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